Heterogeneity of Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease by Longitudinal Forced Vital Capacity Trajectory and Associations With Disease Outcomes
Authors' conclusion
Unique disease trajectories based on longitudinal FVC values are independently associated with the risk of death and respiratory-related hospitalization in RA-ILD.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with RA-ILD identified with validated algorithms, Veterans Health Administration, 1999–2021; primary cohort with baseline and follow-up forced vital capacity (FVC) values, overall cohort with at least one FVC valueprimary cohort 1,092
- Participants
- 5,172 patients
- Exposure
- FVC trajectory groups vs stable group
- Outcome
- FVC trajectory groups and their associations with survival and respiratory hospitalization
Methodological detailsgroup-based trajectory modeling, multivariable Cox regression adjusting for initial FVC
- Group-based trajectory modeling
- Multivariable Cox regression adjusting for initial FVC
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Death (primary cohort), vs stable group
Adjusted hazard ratio
1.55
Slow progressors vs Stable
Adjusted hazard ratio
2.07
Rapid progressors vs Stable
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | aHR |
|---|---|
| Respiratory hospitalization (primary cohort), vs stable groupSlow progressors vs Stable | 1.38 |
| Respiratory hospitalization (primary cohort), vs stable groupRapid progressors vs Stable | 1.77 |
Death and respiratory hospitalization, progressive FVC trajectory (overall cohort)
- Death, aHR range
- 1.18-2.69
- Respiratory hospitalization, aHR range
- 1.29-2.78
Patients in progressive FVC trajectory groups
- Primary cohort (3 trajectory groups)
- 82.5%
- Overall cohort (8 trajectory groups)
- 54%
- FVC % predicted change per year, primary cohort
- −2.16 to −10.78
- FVC % predicted change per year, overall cohort
- −0.73 to −1.56
Original publication
Heterogeneity of Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease by Longitudinal Forced Vital Capacity Trajectory and Associations With Disease Outcomes. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Published 13 November 2025. doi:10.
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