Definition and prevalence of residual disease in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Residual disease definitions in RA/PsA/axSpA are based on various disease activity instruments/thresholds and indicators (signs/symptoms). Residual disease affects up to half of patients.
Study context
- Population
- Original research in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) addressing residual disease (clinically relevant signs/symptoms despite achieving treatment targets)59 studies (definitions)
- Outcome
- Definition of residual disease (disease states and indicators) and prevalence/severity of residual disease by indicator
Methodological detailsrandom effects meta-analysis (≥4 studies) or descriptive (<4 studies)
- Random effects meta-analysis (≥4 studies) or descriptive (<4 studies)
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Disease states almost exclusively disease activity-based, with much variation in instruments/thresholds
- >99%
- Physician-reported indicators used to define residual disease
- 66%
- Patient-reported indicators used to define residual disease
- 73%
- Laboratory indicators used to define residual disease
- 46%
- Peripheral joint counts, pain, physical function and CRP frequently used (% of studies)
- 42-56%
- RA and PsA patients in remission still with swollen joints
- 5-25%
- RA and PsA patients in remission reporting relevant pain or fatigue
- up to one-third
Original publication
Definition and prevalence of residual disease in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Published 14 July 2026. doi:10.
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