Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Clinical profile and risk factors of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study
Authors' conclusion
PRES in SLE in our study was associated with high extra-neurological disease activity. Hypertension, DCT positivity, neutrophilia, and lupus enteritis were identified as important risk factors for the condition.
Study context
- Population
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India, January 1, 2017 to January 31, 202426 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) episodes in 25 patients
- Participants
- 25 vs 53
- Comparison
- SLE with PRES vs SLE controls with neuropsychiatric symptoms
- PRESn = 25
- Controlsn = 53reference
- Outcome
- Clinical profile and risk factors of PRES in SLE
Methodological detailssingle-centre, univariate and multivariate analysis
- Single-centre
- Univariate and multivariate analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Risk factors for PRES (univariate analysis, PRES vs controls)
- Nephritis: 96.15% vs 60.38%
- p = 0.001
- Hypertension at PRES onset: 76.92% vs 18.87%
- p = 0.000
- Direct Coomb's test (DCT) positivity: 50.00% vs 20.75%
- p = 0.008
- Extra-neurological disease activity (SELENA-SLEDAI - N): 20.62±8.77 vs 14.15 ± 5.51
- p = 0.002
- Lupus enteritis: 15.38% vs 1.89%
- p = 0.038
- Neutrophilia: 73.08% vs 20.75%
- p = 0.000
- Independent risk factor (multivariate): hypertension
- p = 0.014
- Independent risk factor (multivariate): DCT positivity
- p = 0.013
- Independent risk factor (multivariate): neutrophilia
- p = 0.025
- Independent risk factor (multivariate): lupus enteritis
- 0.038
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Clinical profile of PRES episodes
- Seizures
- 88.46%
- Headaches
- 53.85%
- Occipital lobe involvement
- 96.15%
- Parietal lobe involvement
- 84.62%
Original publication
Clinical profile and risk factors of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study. Lupus. Published 3 August 2025. doi:10.
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