Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Risk of stroke in SLE: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pooled result · StrokeResult — go to the resultRelative risk 2.60 95% CI 2.21–3.05Authors' conclusion
The risk of composite stroke, ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke is increased in SLE.
Study context
- Population
- Cohort studies evaluating stroke risk in SLE (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library), published 2001–2026
- Participants
- 5,220,837 participants25 cohort studies
- Comparison
- SLE vs individuals without SLE
- Outcome
- Risk of stroke
Methodological detailsrandom-effects model, NOS risk of bias assessment, funnel plots and Egger's test
- Random-effects model
- NOS risk of bias assessment
- Funnel plots and Egger's test
Pooled result
Stroke
Relative risk
2.60
95% CI 2.21–3.05
P < 0.001
SLEvs Non-SLE
RR 2.60 (95% CI 2.21–3.05); P < 0.001
As reported in the abstract
Further pooled results
| Outcome | RR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composite strokeI²=98.0% | 2.83 (2.25–3.57) | P < 0.001 | |
| Ischaemic strokeI²=97.6% | 2.34 (1.75–3.12) | P < 0.001 | |
| Haemorrhagic strokeI²=96.2% | 2.66 (1.57–4.49) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.20.5125Relative risk (log scale) |
Sensitivity analysis and publication bias
- Sensitivity analysis indicated results were robust; little evidence of publication bias
Original publication
Risk of stroke in SLE: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lupus Sci Med. Published 15 September 2026. doi:10.
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