Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Risk factors associated with tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study in Indonesia
Authors' conclusion
Among SLE patients living in TB endemic country, TB contact, high dose corticosteroid, and lymphopenia increase risk of TB. Of note, lower disease duration and using <2 DMARDs are also associated with TB.
Study context
- Population
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry (HSLR) cohort, Indonesia, 2008–2024predominantly female (n = 342
- Participants
- 90 vs 270
- Comparison
- SLE patients with TB vs SLE patients without TB
- SLE with TBn = 90
- SLE without TBn = 270reference
- Outcome
- Risk factors associated with TB in SLE patients (aOR)
Methodological detailsmatched by age, multivariable logistic regression
- Matched by age
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Risk factors associated with TB (multivariable logistic regression)
- SLE duration <9 months, aOR
- 4.04 (1.78-9.18) (95% CI)
- History of TB contact, aOR
- 3.67 (1.31-10.30) (95% CI)
- History of methylprednisolone ≥24 mg/day for ≥4 weeks, aOR
- 1.96 (1.06-3.63) (95% CI)
- Using <2 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), aOR
- 3.34 (1.89-5.90) (95% CI)
- Lymphopenia, aOR
- 2.84 (1.65-4.91) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | SLE with TB |
|---|---|
| SLE duration to TB diagnosis and TB type (cases) | median 30 (range 8–95) months |
| Pulmonary TB | 56.7% (n = 51) |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 21.1% (n = 19) |
- SLE duration to TB diagnosis and TB type (cases): meningitis and lymphadenitis the most prevalent extrapulmonary TB
Original publication
Risk factors associated with tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study in Indonesia. Lupus. Published 3 November 2025. doi:10.
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