Proinflammatory Dietary Pattern and the Risk of Female Gout: Sex‐Specific Findings From Three Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors' conclusion
These findings support a pivotal role of inflammation as a potential modulator between diet and gout onset, particularly among women.
Study context
- Population
- Women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984–2016) and Nurses' Health Study II (1991–2017); men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2016) as comparison cohort5,425 female gout cases
- Exposure
- Most vs least proinflammatory Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) quintile
- Outcome
- Incident, physician-diagnosed female gout
Methodological detailsthree prospective cohorts, Cox proportional hazards models, multivariable
- Three prospective cohorts
- Cox proportional hazards models
- Multivariable
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident female gout
Most proinflammatory EDIP quintile vs Least proinflammatory EDIP quintileHazard ratio (95% CI)
Incident female gout
2.02(1.83–2.22)
Additional adjustment for BMI
1.71(1.55–1.88)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Female gout, additionally adjusted for BMI
| HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| EDIPAdditional adjustment for BMI attenuated the association | 1.71 (1.55–1.88) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Male gout (HPFS comparison cohort)
| HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| EDIP | 1.24 (1.13–1.37) | P for heterogeneity < 0.0001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Female gout, healthiest dietary-pattern quintiles (reversed EDIP, DASH, AHEI)
| HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Most anti-inflammatory EDIP quintileLargest magnitude of protective association | 0.58 (0.53–0.65) | |
| Healthiest DASH quintile | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | |
| Healthiest AHEI quintile | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
- Male gout (HPFS comparison cohort): Association with male gout substantially smaller than with female gout
Original publication
Proinflammatory Dietary Pattern and the Risk of Female Gout: Sex‐Specific Findings From Three Prospective Cohort Studies. Arthritis Rheumatol. Published 10 April 2025. doi:10.
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