Prevalence and risk factors of antinuclear antibodies among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Qingdao, China
Authors' conclusion
ANAs were present in 14.7 % of Chinese women during their first trimester of pregnancy. Passive smoking, multiparity, pre-pregnancy thyroid diseases, and hypertension were significantly associated with ANA positivity.
Study context
- Population
- Chinese pregnant women in their first trimester, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital
- Participants
- 2,159 women
- Outcome
- Prevalence and specific patterns of ANAs (indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells) and potential risk factors
- Follow-up
- First trimester
Methodological detailsquestionnaire-based interviews, single hospital
- Questionnaire-based interviews
- Single hospital
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
ANA prevalence
14.7 %
Titer 1:100
n=241, 11.2 %
Titer 1:320
n=55, 2.5 %
Titer >1:320
n=22, 1.0 %
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
ANA titre distribution · first trimester
- 1:100 (most common)
- n=241, 11.2 %
- 1:320
- n=55, 2.5 %
- >1:320
- n=22, 1.0 %
Common specific antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) · first trimester
- AMA-M2
- n=16, 5.0 %
- SSB
- n=20, 6.3 %
Staining patterns · first trimester
- Nuclear speckled (most common)
- n=95, 30.0 %
- Nuclear dense fine speckled
- n=82, 25.8 %
- Cytoplasmic
- n=39, 12.3 %
- Homogeneous
- n=30, 9.4 %
- Nucleolar
- n=19, 6.0 %
Risk factors for ANA positivity
- Passive smoking, age 30-34 years, multiparity, pre-pregnancy thyroid diseases and hypertension significantly increased the probability of ANA positivity
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Original publication
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