Ocular findings in children with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Brazilian Tertiary-Care Hospital
Authors' conclusion
DED is highly prevalent and frequently asymptomatic in pediatric JSLE patients, emphasizing the need for routine ophthalmologic evaluations.
Study context
- Population
- Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE) patients under 18 years of age followed in a Brazilian referral tertiary-care centre, 2020–202384.8% female
- Participants
- 46 participants
- Outcome
- Ocular findings, including DED (2006 Japanese Dry Eye Society criteria and ocular Sjögren's syndrome criteria) and HCQ retinal toxicity (SD-OCT)
Methodological detailsconsecutive recruitment, two university centres
- Consecutive recruitment
- Two university centres
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Ocular findings in JSLE
- Met dry eye disease (DED) criteria
- 76.1%
- Schirmer test abnormalities (<10 mm)
- 21.7%
- Break-up time (BUT) <5 seconds
- 76%
- Abnormal fluorescein staining
- 45.65%
- Reported symptoms of dry eye
- 8.7%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) exposure
- Median HCQ cumulative dose
- 204 g
- Median time of HCQ use
- 2 years
Associations with DED
- Significant association between mycophenolate use and DED
- P = 0.041
- No correlation between DED and antibody levels, complement levels, or corticosteroid use
Original publication
Ocular findings in children with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Brazilian Tertiary-Care Hospital. Lupus. Published 13 January 2026. doi:10.
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