Hydroxychloroquine-induced pigmentation in rheumatic diseases: prevalence, clinical features and influencing factors
Authors' conclusion
The occurrence of HCQ-induced pigmentation is not uncommon, with an incidence rate of 26.3%. Daily sun exposure time exhibited a protective effect against HCQ-induced pigmentation.
Study context
- Population
- Chinese patients with rheumatic diseases who had received HCQ for >6 months
- Participants
- 316 patients
- Exposure
- Daily sun exposure >1 h vs less
- Outcome
- Prevalence of HCQ-induced pigmentation and associated risk factors
Methodological detailsstructured questionnaire, univariate and multivariate analyses, 7 months
- Structured questionnaire
- Univariate and multivariate analyses
- 7 months
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of hyperpigmentation during HCQ treatment
Patients presenting hyperpigmentation during HCQ treatment, out of 316
83
26.3%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
HCQ-induced pigmentation and daily sun exposure >1 h (multivariate)
| OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Daily sun exposure >1 h | 0.431 (0.208–0.892) | P = 0.023 | |
| 0.20.5125Odds ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | Values |
|---|---|
| HCQ treatment duration before hyperpigmentation | Hyperpigmentation median 12 (IQR 6.0–30.0) months |
| Cumulative HCQ dose before hyperpigmentation | Hyperpigmentation median 108 (IQR 36–288) g |
- HCQ-induced pigmentation and daily sun exposure >1 h (multivariate): model included cumulative HCQ dose and daily sun exposure time
Most frequently affected sites
- Face
- 60.2%
- Lower limbs
- 36.1%
- Hands
- 20.5%
Linear decrease in pigmentation incidence with increasing daily sun exposure time
- Trend
- P = 0.030
Original publication
Hydroxychloroquine-induced pigmentation in rheumatic diseases: prevalence, clinical features and influencing factors. Rheumatology (Oxford). Published 8 April 2024. doi:10.
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