Gut Microbiota as a Biomarker and Target in Biologic Therapy for Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors' conclusion
Biologic therapy modulates gut microbiota composition in autoimmune and immune-mediated arthritis, promoting a shift toward eubiosis. Specific microbial taxa, including Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, and F. prausnitzii, show potential as noninvasive biomarkers for treatment response and disease activity.
Study context
- Population
- Studies assessing gut microbiota changes induced by any biologic therapy in immune-mediated or autoimmune arthritis12 studies
- Outcome
- Changes in gut microbiota and potential of microbiota as predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease activity
Methodological detailsSearched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Gut microbiota changes with biologic therapy (mainly TNFi and IL-17i)
- Biologics significantly altered gut microbiota composition and diversity; most studies showed increased α-diversity and normalisation of β-diversity, though not uniformly consistent
- Restored beneficial short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Megamonas, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia)
- Reduced inflammatory genera (Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella)
- Lachnospiraceae and Megamonas correlated with clinical improvement and reduced disease activity
Original publication
Gut Microbiota as a Biomarker and Target in Biologic Therapy for Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Arthritis: A Systematic Review. J Rheumatol. Published 15 February 2026. doi:10.
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