Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Clusters based on demography, disease phenotype, and autoantibody status predicts mortality in lupus: data from Indian lupus cohort (INSPIRE)
Main finding · Mortality by cluster (mean survival estimate, months)Result — go to the resultAdjusted HR for death 2.19 95% CI 1.44–3.31Authors' conclusion
SLE in India has high early mortality, and the majority of deaths occur outside the health-care setting.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with SLE in the Indian SLE Inception cohort for Research (INSPIRE)median follow-up 18 months
- Participants
- 2,072 patients
- Exposure
- Mortality across four phenotype clusters
- Outcome
- Mortality: causes, predictors and cluster-based survival
Methodological detailsagglomerative unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, non-adjusted and adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models
- Agglomerative unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis
- Non-adjusted and adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mortality by cluster (mean survival estimate, months)
Adjusted HR for death
2.19
95% CI 1.44–3.31
By group
Cluster 4
adjusted HR for death 2.19 (95% CI 1.44–3.31)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Other predictors of mortality (adjusted HR)
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Low socio-economic status | 1.69 (1.22–2.35) | |
| Number of BILAG-A | 1.5 (1.29–1.73) | |
| Number of BILAG-B | 1.15 (1.01–1.3) | |
| Need for haemodialysis | 4.63 (1.87,11.48) | |
| 0.050.21520Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
Deaths · median follow-up 18 months
- Deaths
- 170
- Deaths per 1000 patient-years
- 49.2
- Deaths in first 6 months
- 47.1%
- Due to SLE disease activity
- 87
- Due to coexisting disease activity and infection
- 24
- Due to infections
- 23
- Other causes
- 21
- Pneumonia among infection-related deaths
- 24
- Cause determined in 155 patients
Original publication
Clusters based on demography, disease phenotype, and autoantibody status predicts mortality in lupus: data from Indian lupus cohort (INSPIRE). Rheumatology (Oxford). Published 5 April 2023. doi:10.
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