Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Cardiovascular risk factor control in antiphospholipid syndrome, and differences between primary and systemic lupus erythematosus-related antiphospholipid syndrome (SURF-SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) project): a cross-sectional study of 1003 individuals from 11 countries
Authors' conclusion
In this large real-world study, high prevalence and suboptimal cardiovascular risk factor control were observed in patients with APS
Study context
- Population
- Patients aged 18 years or older with APS (revised Sapporo criteria), 17 centres in 11 countries, 2015–2020 (extended to 2022 for some centres); APS with systemic autoimmune diseases other than systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) excluded779 [78%] women
- Participants
- 1,003 patients
- Exposure
- SLE-related APS vs primary APS
- SLE-related APSn = 464
- Primary APSn = 539reference
- Outcome
- Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence and target attainment (European Society of Cardiology guidelines)
Methodological detailsmulticentre (17 centres, 11 countries), medical records, mixed effects logistic regression
- Multicentre (17 centres, 11 countries)
- Medical records
- Mixed effects logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of CV risk factors, all patients
Hypertension
411 [41%] of 1003
Hyperlipidaemia
344 [34%] of 1003
Obesity
295 [32%] of 919
Current smoking
186 [19%] of 963
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Hypertension prevalence
P < 0.0001
Hyperlipidaemia prevalence
P = 0.0009
Current smoking prevalence
P = 0.012
Target attainment: smoking cessation
P = 0.012
Target attainment: blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg
P = 0.0067
Other target attainment and associations
- Primary APS worse attainment of two or more CV risk factor targets (smoking, BMI, blood pressure, LDL) than SLE-related APS in the entire group
- In the high and very high CV risk subgroup, primary APS worse attainment for smoking cessation, blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, BMI, LDL, triglycerides, two or more and three or more targets
- Age and arterial thrombosis history associated with lower odds of attaining three or more or all four targets
Original publication
Cardiovascular risk factor control in antiphospholipid syndrome, and differences between primary and systemic lupus erythematosus-related antiphospholipid syndrome (SURF-SLE and APS project): a cross-sectional study of 1003 individuals from 11 countries. Lancet Rheumatol. Published 19 November 2025. doi:10.
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