Association of the Quantity, Duration, and Type of Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gouty Tophi
Authors' conclusion
Longer duration and higher quantity of alcohol consumption as well as spirits consumption are predictors for the development of US-detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi in patients with gout.
Study context
- Population
- Chinese patients with gout who underwent ultrasound (US) and physical examination of the most frequently involved joints
- Participants
- 554 patients
- Exposure
- Excessive, long-term and spirits drinkers vs non-drinkers
- Outcome
- Presence, size and number of US-detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi
Methodological detailsmultivariable analysis
- Multivariable analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Presence of US-detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi (multivariable)
Odds ratio
1.79
all P < 0.05
Excessive drinkers vs Non-drinkers · 2.00 after adjustment; >70 gm/week
Odds ratio
1.96
all P < 0.05
Long-term drinkers vs Non-drinkers · 2.17 after adjustment; ≥10 years
Odds ratio
1.81
all P < 0.05
Spirits consumption · 2.10 after adjustment
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Larger or multiple tophi in patients who already had US-detected or subcutaneous tophi (subgroup)
- Moderate drinking (≤70 gm/week) associated with larger or multiple tophi
- all P < 0.05
Original publication
Association of the Quantity, Duration, and Type of Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gouty Tophi. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Published 14 December 2022. doi:10.
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