Autoinflammatory & rare systemic diseases
Association of Th2-like inflammation with Tfh/Tph–germinal center immune programmes in submandibular gland lesions of IgG4-related disease
Authors' conclusion
Lesional Th2-like inflammation in IgG4-RD was closely associated with chronic Tfh/Tph-germinal center immune programmes linked to plasmablast and M2/FAM macrophage responses. No clear association with available systemic allergy-related parameters was observed in this cohort.
Study context
- Population
- Submandibular gland lesions of igG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)
- Participants
- 49 submandibular gland lesions
- Comparison
- Th2-high vs Th2-low lesions
- Outcome
- Correlations of Th2 module scores with immune/stromal programmes
Methodological detailsbulk RNA-seq, module score analysis, Spearman correlation analysis
- Bulk RNA-seq
- Module score analysis
- Spearman correlation analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Th2 module scores strongly associated with Tfh, Tfh/Tph and Tph helper T cell programmes
- Th2 module scores strongly associated with B cell, GC_B and plasma cell signatures
- Th2 module scores positively correlated with M2 macrophage and fibrosis-associated macrophage (FAM) programmes
- Th2-high lesions: increased expression of chronic helper T cell-related genes (PDCD1, TOX, MAF) and plasmablast-associated genes (JCHAIN, MZB1, PRDM1)
Further findings
Serum IgG4 and IgE levels
- Did not significantly differ between Th2-high and Th2-low groups
Original publication
Association of Th2-like inflammation with Tfh/Tph–germinal center immune programmes in submandibular gland lesions of IgG4-related disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). Published 31 July 2026. doi:10.
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