Vitamin D and Marine n‐3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors' conclusion
Two years after trial termination, the protective effects of 2000 IU/day of vitamin D dissipated, but 1,000 mg/day of n-3 fatty acids had a sustained effect in reducing AD incidence.
Study context
- Population
- Men aged ≥50 and women aged ≥55 initially randomized in VITAL; surviving and willing participants observed for two more yearsobserved for two more years (83.5%)
- Participants
- 21,592 men
- Comparison
- Vitamin D vs placebo and n-3 fatty acids vs placebo
- Primary endpoint
- All confirmed incident AD
- Follow-up
- 7 years
Methodological details2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two years of postintervention observation
- 2 × 2 factorial
- Double-blind
- Placebo-controlled
- Two years of postintervention observation
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Incident confirmed AD
Vitamin D
255
events
Vitamin D placebo
259
events
n-3 fatty acids
234
events
n-3 placebo
280
events
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Vitamin Dvs Vitamin D placebo
0.98(0.83–1.17)
n-3 fatty acidsvs n-3 placebo
0.83(0.70–0.99)
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident AD during randomized period, including 65 newly confirmed cases with onset during randomizationVitamin Dvs Vitamin D placebo | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | |
| Incident AD during randomized period, including 65 newly confirmed cases with onset during randomizationn-3 fatty acidsvs n-3 placebo | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Vitamin D and Marine n‐3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. Published 20 February 2024. doi:10.
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