Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Venous thromboembolism in patients with lupus nephritis: frequency and risk factors—a cohort study
Authors' conclusion
VTE can complicate the course of LN at any stage. Disease activity and proteinuria are the primary risk factors for its development.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with biopsy-proven LN from a prospective observational cohort followed between 1970 and 2024
- Participants
- 324 patients
- Outcome
- VTE occurring after the onset of LN
Methodological detailsobservational, time-varying cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models, death as competing risk
- Observational
- Time-varying cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models
- Death as competing risk
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
VTE after LN onset · follow-up 9.9 years (IQR: 5.0-16.4)
- Patients who developed venous thromboembolism (VTE)
- 30 patients (9.3%)
- Total VTE events
- 34
- Median time to first event from LN onset, years (IQR, 0.1-14.1)
- 4.4
- Isolated events
- 86.7%
- Deep vein thromboses (DVTs)
- 19 (59.4%)
- Pulmonary embolisms (PEs)
- 5
- Events involving other venous beds
- 2
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Factors independently associated with VTE (multivariable model)
| HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| SLEDAI-2K score | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | |
| Proteinuria level | 1.26 (1.08–1.47) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Venous thromboembolism in patients with lupus nephritis: frequency and risk factors—a cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). Published 2 September 2025. doi:10.
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