Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Risk: Association With Long‐Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter
Authors' conclusion
This large general population cohort study suggests that ambient PM2.5 (and ammonium in particular) may be associated with SARDs incidence.
Study context
- Population
- Quebec adults without systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), administrative health data April 2000 to December 2019
- Participants
- 7,482,397 adults98,039,305 person-years
- Exposure
- Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components
- Outcome
- Incident SARDs (systemic lupus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren disease, undifferentiated connective tissue disease)
Methodological detailsadministrative health data, Cox models, quantile-based g-computation
- Administrative health data
- Cox models
- Quantile-based g-computation
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
SARDs risk per one-decile increase in mixture of PM2.5 components (quantile g-computation)
Adjusted SARDs HR per one-decile increase in PM2.5 components
1.01
95% CI 1.00–1.02
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Risk: Association With Long‐Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter. Arthritis Rheumatol. Published 27 August 2025. doi:10.
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