Fibromyalgia & musculoskeletal pain
Oxygen-ozone autohaemotherapy in fibromyalgia: safety profile and adverse events. A scoping review
Authors' conclusion
Current evidence does not identify a pattern of frequent serious unexpected harm when standardised protocol is followed.
Study context
- Population
- Studies of systemic O2-O3 autohaemotherapy (relevance to fibromyalgia (FM)); local injections, hyperbaric oxygen, veterinary and non-systemic routes excludedpredominantly case reports
- Outcome
- Documented adverse events associated with oxygen-ozone autohaemotherapy (O2-O3-AHT) and risk stratification
Methodological detailsPRISMA-ScR, literature from the last decade
- PRISMA-ScR
- Literature from the last decade
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adverse events of O2-O3-AHT
- Haemolysis and renal failure (associated with excessive ozone concentrations >60 μg/mL)
- Hyperkalaemia in patients with complex comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, CKD)
- MI and ischaemic events (attributed to vasoconstrictive and pro-thrombotic effects)
- Cerebral gas embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale
- Autonomic reactions related to rapid reinfusion rates
- Anaphylactic reactions (linked to equipment materials)
- Infectious complications due to protocol breaches
- Overall incidence of serious adverse events cannot be reliably quantified (no prospective registries or reliable denominator data)
- Rare but potentially serious adverse events
- Most safety data from mixed clinical populations, not specifically FM cohorts
Original publication
Oxygen-ozone autohaemotherapy in fibromyalgia: safety profile and adverse events. A scoping review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Published 22 June 2026. doi:10.
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