Inflammatory gradients in the infrapatellar fat pad of knee osteoarthritis: implications for joint damage
Authors' conclusion
These findings underscore the heterogeneity within the IFP and suggest that localized inflammation, particularly B cell involvement, may contribute to the change of IFP and pathophysiology of KOA.
Study context
- Population
- Infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) tissues from knee OA patients at different disease stages
- Comparison
- Inflammatory layer vs non-inflammatory layer of the IFP
Methodological detailshistological evaluation (H&E staining), Quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry
- Histological evaluation (H&E staining)
- qPCR
- Immunohistochemistry
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Pronounced inflammatory response in the inflammatory layer; relatively mild inflammation in the non-inflammatory layer
- Significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8) in the inflammatory layer vs the non-inflammatory layer
- Significantly higher adipokines (Leptin, Adiponectin, FABP4) in the inflammatory layer vs the non-inflammatory layer
- B cell infiltration more prominent in the inflammatory layer than other immune cell types
Original publication
Inflammatory gradients in the infrapatellar fat pad of knee osteoarthritis: implications for joint damage. Arthritis Res Ther. Published 13 December 2025. doi:10.
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