Systemic sclerosis & Raynaud's
IL-35 enhances IL-10⁺ breg-mediated immunoregulation and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors' conclusion
While IL-35 is compensatorily elevated in SSc, its endogenous levels are insufficient to curb the disease.
Study context
- Population
- Treatment-naïve systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and healthy controls; bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model
- Participants
- 132 vs 58
- Comparison
- Treatment-naïve SSc patients vs healthy controls (HCs); IL-35 vs anti-IL-35 mAb
- SScn = 132
- HCsn = 58reference
Methodological detailscase-control comparison with HCs, in vitro B cell–T cell co-culture, bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model
- Case-control comparison with HCs
- In vitro B cell–T cell co-culture
- Bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- SSc: elevated plasma IL-35, IL-10, IL-6 and BAFF; increased CD19⁺ B cells and IL-6⁺ effector B cells
- IL-35⁺ and IL-10⁺ Bregs significantly decreased in blood and skin
- IL-10, IL-6 and TGF-β1 mRNA increased in skin lesions
- IL-35 and IL-10 levels correlated with lung function, skin scores and inflammatory markers
- In vitro, IL-35 promoted IL-10⁺ Breg expansion and cytokine secretion and suppressed Th1, Th17 and CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ T cell responses via an IL-10-dependent mechanism
- In vivo, IL-35 alleviated fibrosis and inflammation in bleomycin-treated mice; mAbIL-35 exacerbated it
Original publication
IL-35 enhances IL-10⁺ breg-mediated immunoregulation and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther. Published 30 January 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →