Lupus & antiphospholipid syndrome
Identification of new risk factors for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors' conclusion
The results of this case-control study identified blood [HCQ]/[DCQ] ratio, concurrent SSRI/SNRI therapy, skin phototype ≥4 and antiphospholipid syndrome as new risk factors for QRNP.
Study context
- Population
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and/or chloroquine (CQ)1:2 matched case-control
- Participants
- 48 vs 96
- Comparison
- SLE patients with HCQ or CQ retinopathy vs SLE patients without
- Casesn = 48
- Controlsn = 96reference
- Outcome
- Risk factors associated with HCQ or CQ retinopathy (QRNP)
Methodological detailsmatched (1:2) on sex, HCQ and/or CQ treatment duration (±1 year) and age (±5 year) at SLE diagnosis, multivariable logistic regression
- Matched (1:2) on sex, HCQ and/or CQ treatment duration (±1 year) and age (±5 year) at SLE diagnosis
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Independent determinants of QRNP (multivariable logistic regression)
Odds ratio (95 % CI)P value
Concomitant SSRI or SNRI intake
6.6(1.2–40.9)
P < 0.01Antiphospholipid syndrome
8.9(2.2–41.4)
P < 0.01Blood [HCQ]/[DCQ] ratio <7.2
8.4(2.7–30.8)
P < 0.01Skin phototype ≥4
5.5(1.4–26.5)
P = 0.02Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Identification of new risk factors for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Published 12 February 2024. doi:10.
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