Comorbidities and outcomes associated with young adult hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Psychiatric morbidity, alcohol excess and smoking were the major risk factors associated with hip fracture in YAs. Further research is required to establish the risk factors for minimal trauma hip fracture in YAs. Limited data on mortality in YAs following hip fracture are concerning and deserve further investigation.
Study context
- Population
- Younger adults (YAs) aged 18–50 years with hip fracturestudies included from 1875 eligible abstracts
- Participants
- 44 adults
- Outcome
- Prevalence of clinical risk factors in YAs with hip fracture (question 1; 23 studies)
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Psychiatric disease
- 15% [10-23%]
- Glucocorticoid exposure
- 5% [2-14%]
- Psychotropic exposure
- 12% [3-42%]
- Alcohol excess
- 15% [6-38%]
- Cigarette smoking
- 36% [25-49%]
Further pooled results
Functional outcomes (question 2; 26 studies, four with mortality data) · 12 months; two years
- Good or excellent functional recovery by 12 months
- ≥80%
- Poor outcomes at two years
- up to 15%
- Mortality rates beyond one year reported in only one study
Risk of bias (Quality in Prognosis Studies tool)
- Moderate or high risk of bias
- 24/44 (54.5%)
- Studies designed specifically to investigate risk factors for, or outcomes associated with, YA hip fracture
- eight
- Studies reporting outcomes of interest by fracture mechanism
- Three
- Studies reporting data on referral for bone health assessment (question 3)
- One
Original publication
Comorbidities and outcomes associated with young adult hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. Published 23 October 2026. doi:10.
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