Risk of non-bacterial opportunistic infections associated with janus kinase inhibitors versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors among rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cohort study
Main finding · Serious opportunistic infectionsResult — go to the resultPSS-weighted HR 1.94 95% CI 1.44–2.64Authors' conclusion
This population-based cohort study on RA patients found that the overall risk of serious opportunistic infections was higher with JAKi than TNFi.
Study context
- Population
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients initiating a JAKi or TNFi, Korea National Health Insurance Service database, 2009–2020PSS-weighted
- Participants
- 4,252 vs 6,653
- Exposure
- JAKi vs TNFi initiators
- JAKin = 4,252
- TNFin = 6,653reference
- Outcome
- Composite of:
- Hospitalized viral
- Fungal
- Tuberculous infections (serious opportunistic infections)
Methodological detailspopulation-based, propensity-score fine stratification and weighting, Cox proportional hazard models
- Population-based
- Propensity-score fine stratification and weighting
- Cox proportional hazard models
Main finding
Serious opportunistic infections
PSS-weighted HR
1.94
95% CI 1.44–2.64
By group
JAKivs TNFi
PSS-weighted HR 1.94 (95% CI 1.44–2.64)
As reported in the abstract
- Total cases of serious opportunistic infections
- 173
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
Hospitalised viral infection
- PSS-weighted HR
- 2.89 (1.98-4.20) (95% CI)
Hospitalised fungal infection
- PSS-weighted HR
- 2.07 (0.59-7.26) (95% CI)
Hospitalised tuberculosis
- PSS-weighted HR
- 0.55 (0.27-1.15) (95% CI)
Serious opportunistic infections by subgroups (age, cumulative corticosteroid dose, comorbidity score)
- Results were consistent across subgroups
Original publication
Risk of non-bacterial opportunistic infections associated with janus kinase inhibitors versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors among rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cohort study. Joint Bone Spine. Published 11 July 2025. doi:10.
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