Vasculitis & polymyalgia rheumatica
Incidence of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia in Patients With ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis Initiating Therapy With Rituximab or Cyclophosphamide
Authors' conclusion
Rates of PJP in patients with AAV were lower than previously observed, and few cases occurred during rituximab maintenance therapy. PJP prophylaxis was associated with adverse events.
Study context
- Population
- Incident users of rituximab or cyclophosphamide for antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), TriNetX database, 2011 to 2022
- Participants
- 1,461 AAV cases
- Exposure
- Prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis (adverse events); Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) incidence during rituximab and/or cyclophosphamide induction and rituximab maintenance
- Outcome
- Incidence rate of PJP during induction therapy with rituximab and/or cyclophosphamide
- Follow-up
- First 6 months of induction therapy
Methodological detailsTriNetX electronic health records database, Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted analyses
- TriNetX electronic health records database
- Cox proportional hazard models
- Adjusted analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
PJP during induction therapy · first 6 months of induction
Cases of PJP
10
IR (cases per 1,000 patient-years)
15.0
Deaths
0
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
PJP during rituximab maintenance therapy (n = 709)
- Cases of PJP
- 5
- IR (cases per 1,000 person-years)
- 2.1
- Deaths during PJP-associated hospitalization
- 1
Safety
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| LeukopeniaAdjusted analyses | 3.1 (1.1–8.6) | |
| RashAdjusted analyses | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | |
| NephropathyAdjusted analyses | 2.6 (1.3–5.1) | |
| 0.10.31310Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Incidence of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia in Patients With ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis Initiating Therapy With Rituximab or Cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Published 28 October 2023. doi:10.
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