Fertility Treatments and the Risk of Kawasaki Disease Among Offspring
Authors' conclusion
In this nationwide birth cohort study, all fertility treatments except intracytoplasmic sperm injection were associated with an increased risk of Kawasaki disease among offspring.
Study context
- Population
- Children of pregnant women recruited January 2011–March 2014 in the Japan Environmental and Children's Study (mean [SD] gestational age 38.8 [1.7] weeks; 50.5% boys)
- Participants
- 101,864 children431,558 person-years
- Exposure
- Assisted conception vs spontaneous conception
- Outcome
- Kawasaki disease, reported through parental questionnaires and confirmed by the medical institutions
- Follow-up
- Up to 59 months of age
Methodological detailsnationwide, multicenter, prospective birth cohort, Cox proportional hazards regression
- Nationwide
- Multicenter
- Prospective birth cohort
- Cox proportional hazards regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Kawasaki disease (1226 cases); incidence per 100 000 person-years
Each group vs spontaneous conceptionAdjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
Assisted conception
1.42(1.18–1.70)
Ovulation induction
1.57(1.22–2.03)
Intrauterine insemination
1.48(1.01–2.16)
In vitro fertilization
1.53(1.07–2.20)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
0.91(0.58–1.43)
- Overall incidence per 100 000 person-years
- 284
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Kawasaki disease after further adjustment for maternal comorbidities
- These associations were also found after further adjustment for maternal comorbidities
Original publication
Fertility Treatments and the Risk of Kawasaki Disease Among Offspring. JAMA Netw Open. Published 3 August 2026. doi:10.
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