Educational gradient in hip fracture incidence in Norway. The Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS)
Authors' conclusion
There was a clear educational gradient in hip fracture incidence in both men and women in Norway, with a higher risk in people with lower education. Despite this, the cumulative incidence of hip fracture in old age was highest among people with higher education, due to their higher life expectancy.
Study context
- Population
- Norwegians aged ≥ 50 years, education from Statistics Norway linked to hospital-treated hip fractures and deaths, 2002–2019135,938 incident hip fractures
- Participants
- 1,389,858 participants
- Exposure
- Primary or secondary vs tertiary education, by gender
- Outcome
- Hip fracture risk by educational level
Methodological detailspopulation-wide, Cox proportional hazards regression, competing risk regression
- Population-wide
- Cox proportional hazards regression
- Competing risk regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hip fracture, men
Each group vs tertiaryHazard ratio (95% CI)
Primarymen
1.44(1.40–1.49)
Secondarymen
1.26(1.22–1.29)
Primarywomen
1.28(1.25–1.31)
Secondarywomen
1.16(1.13–1.19)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Cumulative incidence of hip fracture over attained age
- Highest in those with primary education in the age range 50 to 90 years
- Gradient diminished with advancing age and reversed in the oldest (> 90 years) in both genders
Original publication
Educational gradient in hip fracture incidence in Norway. The Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS). Osteoporos Int. Published 25 June 2024. doi:10.
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