Characterizing the increasing trend of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Bali and neighbouring provinces: Results of the Bali Paediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Database (BEATLES) study
Authors' conclusion
cSLE demonstrates an increasing trend in Bali
Study context
- Population
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients <18 years, Department of Child Health, Prof. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, 2009–2022
- Exposure
- Three subperiods: 2009-2014 vs 2015-2017 vs 2018-2022
- Outcome
- cSLE incidence trend, 2009-2022
Methodological detailshospital-based, single-centre
- Hospital-based
- Single-centre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- A single case of cSLE in 2009, then a pause in new cases; incidence slowly increased until 2014
- Surge in case numbers from 2015 to 2017
- Incidence peaked in 2019, then declined, increasing again in 2022
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Most common regency of origin
- Denpasar in 1st period, Badung in 2nd, Denpasar in 3rd; referrals also from other provinces in 3rd period
Dominant age group
- 6-11 years in 1st period; 12-18 years, then 6-11 years, with a small number <5 years, in 2nd and 3rd periods
Sex ratio
- No differences across the periods
Original publication
Characterizing the increasing trend of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Bali and neighbouring provinces: Results of the Bali Paediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Database (BEATLES) study. Lupus. Published 23 February 2026. doi:10.
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