Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 10-years prospective analysis from the CARdiovascular in RheuMAtology (CARMA) cohort
Authors' conclusion
CKM syndrome has a high prevalence and is a determinant of CV outcomes in patients with RA.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls without inflammatory diseases recruited from 67 hospitals across Spain, July 2010–January 2012 (CARMA project)
- Participants
- 704 vs 604
- Exposure
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) stages in RA patients vs controls without inflammatory diseases
- RAn = 704
- Controlsn = 604reference
- Outcome
- Composite of:
- CV events
- All-cause mortality by CKM stage (AHA consensus definition)
- Follow-up
- 10-year follow-up
Methodological detailsmulticentre, Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and sex
- Multicentre
- Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and sex
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Composite of:
- CV events or all-cause mortality
- CKM stage 4 vs CKM stage 2
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
RA: CKM stage 4vs RA: CKM stage 2
3.90(2.29–6.64)
Controls: CKM stage 4vs Controls: CKM stage 2
5.22(2.39–11.40)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composite of CV events or all-cause mortality at CKM stage 2, RAvs controls · 10-year follow-up | 2.40 (1.42–4.05) | P < 00.1 | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Distribution of CKM stages · recruitment
- Controls more frequently in CKM stages 0 and 1; RA patients predominated in advanced stages, particularly CKM stages 3 and 4 (p < 0.001)
Original publication
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 10-years prospective analysis from the CARMA cohort. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Published 18 June 2026. doi:10.
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