Age-Dependent Variations in Kawasaki Disease Incidence in Japan
Authors' conclusion
This study found distinct temporal signatures and changing spatial consistency of KD incidence across age groups, suggesting different age-related mechanisms of exposure.
Study context
- Population
- Pediatric patients hospitalized in Japan for Kawasaki disease (KD) from 1970 to 202057.7% male
- Participants
- 422,528 patients
- Exposure
- KD incidence by age group: infants (<6 months), toddlers (6 to <24 months), children aged 2 years (24 to <36 months), children and adolescents aged ≥3 years (≥36 months)
- Outcome
- KD incidence by age group: seasonal cycles, interannual variations and correlations across regions (prefectures)
Methodological detailsnationwide surveys of hospitals, Data analyzed January 2022 to January 2024
- Nationwide surveys of hospitals
- Data analyzed January 2022 to January 2024
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Normalized mean incidence of KD, change over time
| Group | Value | 1987-1992 | Period | 1987 to 1992 | Fold increase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infants | mean 2.05 (SD 0.11) | 1.00 [0.07] | 2011-2016 | ||
| Aged ≥3 years | mean 5.17 (SD 0.46) | 2014 to 2019 | 1.00 (0.08) | 5.2 |
Value
Infantsmean 2.05 (SD 0.11)
Aged ≥3 yearsmean 5.17 (SD 0.46)
1987-1992
Infants1.00 [0.07]
Aged ≥3 years— not stated in the abstract
Period
Infants2011-2016
Aged ≥3 years2014 to 2019
1987 to 1992
Infants— not stated in the abstract
Aged ≥3 years1.00 (0.08)
Fold increase
Infants— not stated in the abstract
Aged ≥3 years5.2
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Infants | Toddlers | Aged ≥3 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seasonal peak of incidenceMean, cases/100 000 individuals | 5.63 (SD 0.07) | 4.67 (SD 0.13) | |
| Peak months | July and August | December and January | — not stated in the abstract |
| Correlation of seasonal cycle between prefectures (highest mean correlation coefficient) | 0.43 (SD 0.23) | — not stated in the abstract | 0.78 (SD 0.14) |
— not stated in the abstract
- Reduction in incidence in patients aged ≥3 years, 2016 to 2017, not seen in younger children
- 4.69 · mean · SD 0.11
- Normalized mean incidence among toddlers for October · 2016 to 2019
- 1.10 · mean · SD 0.01
- Correlation of seasonal cycle between prefectures (highest mean correlation coefficient): 0.78 for prefecture 14
Original publication
Age-Dependent Variations in Kawasaki Disease Incidence in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. Published 5 February 2024. doi:10.
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