Health and Economic Outcomes Associated With Musculoskeletal Disorders Attributable to High Body Mass Index in 192 Countries and Territories in 2019
Authors' conclusion
In this cross-sectional study of 192 countries and territories, a substantial amount of the health and economic impact of musculoskeletal disorders was attributable to high BMI.
Study context
- Population
- 192 countries and territories; data from GBD Study, WHO Global Health Expenditure, World Bank and International Labour Organization databases, 2019192 countries and territories
- Outcome
- Prevalence, YLDs, health care costs and productivity losses due to morbidity from LBP, gout and OA attributable to high BMI, by region and country
- Follow-up
- 2019
Methodological detailspopulation attributable fraction approach, sensitivity analysis (UI), Data analyses conducted from February 24 to June 16, 2022
- Population attributable fraction approach
- Sensitivity analysis (UI)
- Data analyses conducted from February 24 to June 16, 2022
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders attributable to high BMI, 2019
- Prevalent cases of LBP attributable to high body mass index (BMI)
- 36.3 million (UI, 18.4-61.0 million)
- Prevalent cases of gout attributable to high BMI
- 16.9 million (UI, 7.5-32.5 million)
- Prevalent cases of OA attributable to high BMI
- 73.0 million (UI, 32.4-131.1 million)
- Years lived with disability (YLDs)
- 7.3 million (UI, 3.0-15.0 million)
- Share of all-cause YLDs, working-age population aged 15 to 84 years
- 1.0%
- Global total costs (UI, $83.8-$333.1 billion)
- $180.7 billion
- Health care costs (UI, $30.7-$100.5 billion)
- $60.5 billion
- Productivity losses (UI, $53.1-$232.7 billion)
- $120.2 billion
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Health care costs by payer sector · 2019
- Public sector
- 58.9% ($35.6 billion; UI, $17.8-$59.6 billion)
- Private sector
- 24.0% ($14.5 billion; UI, $7.8-$23.2 billion)
- Out-of-pocket sector
- 17.1% ($10.3 billion; UI, $5.1-$17.6 billion)
Total costs as share of global gross domestic product · 2019
- Share of global gross domestic product (on average)
- 0.2%
Inequalities across regions and countries · 2019
- Global health care costs paid by high-income countries
- 82.4%
- Morbidity-related costs paid by high-income countries
- 82.9%
- Global YLDs occurring in middle-income countries
- 61.4%
Original publication
Health and Economic Outcomes Associated With Musculoskeletal Disorders Attributable to High Body Mass Index in 192 Countries and Territories in 2019. JAMA Netw Open. Published 3 January 2023. doi:10.
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