Does osteosarcopenia synergistically increase risk for incident falls and fractures? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Risk of incident fracture in osteosarcopenia is similar to that of low BMD, but higher than sarcopenia, and falls risk does not differ between conditions.
Study context
- Population
- Prospective studies in populations aged ≥ 50 years, databases searched from inception to 20257 records
- Participants
- 813 participants
- Comparison
- Osteosarcopenia vs low bone mineral density (BMD) alone or sarcopenia alone
- Outcome
- Incident falls and fractures
Methodological detailsmeasures of interaction on additive (RERI) and multiplicative (MR) scales
- Measures of interaction on additive (RERI) and multiplicative (MR) scales
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Incident fracture
Relative risk (95% CI)
Osteosarcopeniavs Low BMDk = 6, I2 = 0%
1.22(0.96–1.56)
Osteosarcopeniavs Sarcopeniak = 5; I2 = 0%
2.12(1.42–3.15)
Further pooled results
| Outcome | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident fallsOsteosarcopeniavs Low BMDK = 3; I2 = 72.9% | 1.15 (0.44–2.97) | |
| Incident fallsOsteosarcopeniavs SarcopeniaK = 3; I2 = 1.1% | 1.06 (0.70–1.59) | |
| 0.20.5125Relative risk (log scale) |
Synergy (interaction) for fractures
- Pooled RERI
- 0.35 (95% CI - 0.22, 0.91; k = 5)
- MR
- 1.21 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.62)
Synergy (interaction) for falls
- Pooled RERI (95% CI - 0.60, 0.28; k = 3)
- - 0.16
- MR
- 0.83 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.09)
Original publication
Does osteosarcopenia synergistically increase risk for incident falls and fractures? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. Published 23 March 2026. doi:10.
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