Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of concurrent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases: a retrospective study
Authors' conclusion
CTD-PJP patients were mainly middle-aged female, with a high mortality rate. IIM patients had a relatively worse outcome, while RA patients had a relatively better survival rate. IIM, HAP, lower serum minimal Alb and higher LDH were independent survival risk factors for them.
Study context
- Population
- Consecutive patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), one centre, January 2014 to December 202264.5% female
- Participants
- 248 patients
- Exposure
- PJP patients by underlying CTD and by clinical outcome
- Outcome
- Mortality and independent prognostic risk factors for survival in CTD-PJP
Methodological detailssingle-centre, consecutive patients, multivariate analysis
- Single-centre
- Consecutive patients
- Multivariate analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mortality (all CTD-PJP)
- Deaths
- 108 (43.5%)
- Independent risk factor for survival: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), HR
- 6.657, p<0.001 (95% CI 2.883-15.368)
- Independent risk factor for survival: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), HR
- 2.175, p<0.05 (95% CI 1.028-4.601)
- Independent risk factor for survival: lower minimal albumin (Alb), HR
- 0.869, p<0.001 (95% CI 0.802-0.942)
- Independent risk factor for survival: higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HR
- 1.002, p<0.001 (95% CI 1.001-1.003)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Mortality by underlying CTD · IIM highest mortality, RA lower
P = 0.006
Clinical features in IIM vs other CTDs
- More interstitial lung disease (ILD) in IIM
- P < 0.001
- More pneumomediastinum in IIM
- P = 0.004
- Higher corticosteroid dosage in IIM
- P = 0.003
Optimal cut-off points
- Serum minimal Alb
- 26.5 g/L
- Serum LDH
- 612 U/L
Original publication
Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of concurrent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases: a retrospective study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Published 6 June 2025. doi:10.
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