Association of Abatacept With Lower Mortality Risk Compared to Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: An Emulated Target Trial
Main finding · All-cause mortalityResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 0.689 95% CI 0.581–0.818Authors' conclusion
Abatacept was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared with rituximab in patients with RA-ILD.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with RA-ILD diagnosed between 2007 and 2024, TriNetX US Collaborative Network1,615 per group after matching
- Participants
- 1,615 vs 1,615
- Exposure
- Abatacept vs rituximab
- Abataceptn = 1,615
- Rituximabn = 1,615reference
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality
Methodological detailsretrospective cohort study, propensity score matched, Cox proportional hazards models, TriNetX US Collaborative Network database
- Retrospective cohort study
- Propensity score matched
- Cox proportional hazards models
- TriNetX US Collaborative Network database
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio
0.689
95% CI 0.581–0.818
Abataceptvs Rituximab
HR 0.689 (95% CI 0.581–0.818)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanical ventilationPropensity-score matched | 0.698 (0.521–0.934) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
All-cause mortality, subgroup analyses
- The subgroup analyses yielded consistent findings
All-cause mortality, sensitivity analysis excluding patients with concomitant connective tissue diseases
- Mortality HR (95% CI), sensitivity analysis excluding concomitant connective tissue diseases; consistent results
- 0.679 (0.570-0.810)
Original publication
Association of Abatacept With Lower Mortality Risk Compared to Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: An Emulated Target Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. Published 2 December 2025. doi:10.
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