Spondyloarthritis & psoriatic arthritis
2025 Consensus-based recommendations for the referral, diagnosis, monitoring, and management of axial spondyloarthritis in the Arabian Gulf countries
Methodological detailssystematic literature review, task force consensus (agreement ≥70%), external validation by patient research partners and regional rheumatologists
- Systematic literature review
- Task force consensus (agreement ≥70%)
- External validation by patient research partners and regional rheumatologists
Recommendations
As issued by the authors
Timely referral to rheumatologists
Diagnostic utility of HLA-B27
Shared decision-making and multidisciplinary management combining non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment
Training rheumatologists and radiologists on imaging is recommended
MRI of sacroiliac joints is preferred for diagnosis, with spinal MRI or CT of SIJs as alternatives
Cost-effective treatments, such as biosimilars, and alternative routes of drug administration should be prioritized
Treatment failure should prompt reassessment of diagnosis and evaluation of comorbidities
Regular monitoring of CV risk, pregnancy planning, disease activity monitoring during pregnancy, and use of electronic patient-reported outcome measures are recommended
Regional and national axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) registries can facilitate evidence generation and enhance management
Original publication
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